Diabetes doesn’t just affect your blood sugar levels; it can also have a significant impact on your eyes and vision.
Just as diabetes influences circulation and fluid balance in the rest of the body, the same changes can occur within the eyes.
When blood sugar levels are not well controlled, or when diabetes has been present for many years, the risk of developing certain eye conditions increases. These include cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy.
Of these, diabetic retinopathy is the most common, and a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness in Australia.
Diabetic retinopathy occurs when long-term high blood sugar damages the delicate blood vessels in the retina – the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Over time, these vessels weaken, leak, or become blocked, which interferes with how the retina functions.
As the condition progresses, abnormal new blood vessels may begin to grow. These are fragile and prone to bleeding, which can cause scarring and potentially lead to serious complications such as retinal detachment.
Research shows that about 75% of people with diabetes eventually develop some form of diabetic retinopathy, typically within 5–20 years of their initial diagnosis.
Early detection plays a vital role in managing the condition and preserving sight.
In its early stages, diabetic retinopathy often develops without obvious symptoms.
This is why regular eye examinations are so important; your optometrist can detect early signs of damage well before vision is noticeably affected.
When symptoms do appear, they may include:
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to have your eyes checked promptly, even if you haven’t been diagnosed with diabetes.
1. Background Retinopathy
This is the earlier stage of the condition. Weakened blood vessels begin to leak, leading to small areas of swelling or bleeding in the retina.
At this stage, vision may still be unaffected, but regular monitoring and good control of diabetes are key to preventing progression.
2. Proliferative Retinopathy
In advanced stages, new abnormal blood vessels grow on the retina and sometimes into the middle of the eye. These vessels are fragile and bleed easily, which can cloud vision. Scarring may also occur, increasing the risk of retinal detachment.
Proliferative retinopathy is sight-threatening and requires prompt referral to a specialist for treatment.
A comprehensive eye examination is the best way to detect diabetic retinopathy. Your optometrist may use special eye drops to dilate your pupils, allowing a detailed view of the retina.
At Optometrist Parramatta, we also use advanced digital retinal imaging (fundus photography) during every comprehensive eye examination.
This technology provides high-resolution images of the back of the eye, helping us detect and track subtle changes that may not be visible through traditional methods.
It is generally recommended that people with diabetes have a full eye examination at least once every two years.
However, because of the risks associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, annual reviews are encouraged.
Managing diabetes is a lifelong process, and good blood sugar control is essential in slowing the progression of eye disease.
If diabetic retinopathy is detected, your optometrist will guide you on the next steps. In advanced cases, referral to an eye specialist may be necessary.
Treatment often involves laser therapy or injections into the eye, aimed at preventing further vision loss rather than restoring vision that has already been damaged.
The earlier treatment begins, the better the outcome.
Diabetes can run in families, so it’s particularly important to have regular check-ups if you have a family history of the condition.
Even if your vision feels fine, eye examinations are essential for monitoring your eye health and catching problems early.
Your eyes are too important to leave to chance. If you have diabetes or a family history of it, book an eye examination with us today.
At Optometrist Parramatta, we provide comprehensive diabetic eye care, with advanced imaging included in every exam.
Early detection can make all the difference – let us help you protect your vision.
If you’re due for an eye test or have noticed changes in your vision, book an eye test with us today.
This content is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional eye care advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified optometrist or healthcare professional regarding your individual circumstances.
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