Macular degeneration (MD), also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is the most common cause of vision loss in Australia.
It is a progressive condition that affects the macula – the small but vital part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. This is the vision you rely on for everyday tasks like reading, recognising faces, and driving.
Because it affects the centre of sight, macular degeneration can have a profound impact on independence and quality of life if not detected and managed early.
There are two main forms of macular degeneration:
Dry (non-proliferative) macular degeneration
This is the more common type, affecting around 90% of people with the condition. It develops slowly over time as small deposits, known as drusen, build up under the retina. These changes gradually distort and reduce central vision.
Wet (proliferative) macular degeneration
This less common but more serious type accounts for about 10% of cases. It occurs when fragile, abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the macula. These vessels can leak fluid or bleed, causing scarring and rapid, often severe, vision loss if untreated.
The exact cause of macular degeneration isn’t fully understood, but several risk factors are known to increase the likelihood of developing the condition:
Age:
Around 1 in 7 Australians over the age of 50 have some evidence of MD.
Smoking:
Smokers are three to four times more likely to develop MD compared to non-smokers.
Family history:
Having a close relative with macular degeneration significantly raises your risk.
General health:
Conditions such as high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease are linked with higher rates of MD.
Sun exposure:
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light may contribute to retinal damage.
If you fall into one or more of these categories, it’s important to mention this to your optometrist during your eye test.
How Does Macular Degeneration Affect Vision?
Macular degeneration causes a gradual and progressive loss of central vision. People with MD may notice:
Peripheral vision is usually unaffected, which means complete blindness is rare, but the loss of central vision can make daily activities much more difficult.
One of the challenges with macular degeneration is that it often develops silently. Many people don’t realise they have it until vision changes become obvious. Because the damage cannot be reversed, early detection is essential.
At Optometrist Parramatta, we perform a detailed retinal health check as part of our 360° Comprehensive Eye Examination. This includes advanced imaging and screening tools that allow us to detect early signs of macular degeneration.
Eye exams are recommended at least every three years for adults, and more frequently if you are over 50 or at higher risk. If you notice any sudden changes in your vision, you should arrange an appointment.
Currently, there is no cure for macular degeneration. However, treatments are available that can slow its progression and preserve vision, especially in the case of wet MD.
Wet macular degeneration treatments may include injections into the eye (anti-VEGF therapy) or laser treatments. These work by reducing leakage from abnormal blood vessels and preventing further growth.
Dry macular degeneration has no direct treatment, but progression may be slowed through lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, eating a diet rich in leafy greens and antioxidants, protecting eyes from UV light, and managing general health.
Research into new treatments continues, offering hope for more effective options in the future.
Between eye exams, people with macular degeneration or those at higher risk can use tools such as the Amsler grid. This simple checkerboard pattern helps detect subtle changes in central vision.
If lines appear bent, distorted, or missing, it’s a sign to book an urgent eye test.
Macular degeneration can progress differently for everyone, but early detection and proactive care make a big difference in maintaining quality of life.
Regular eye exams, a healthy lifestyle, and prompt treatment when necessary all help to protect vision for as long as possible.
If you are over 50, have a family history of MD, or have noticed any changes in your sight, now is the right time to book an eye test. At Optometrist Parramatta, we provide comprehensive care and guidance tailored to your individual needs.
Book your 360° Comprehensive Eye Examination today and take a proactive step in protecting your vision.
This content is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional eye care advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified optometrist or healthcare professional regarding your individual circumstances.
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