Cataracts are one of the most common eye conditions, especially as we get older. They affect millions of people worldwide, including many Australians, and are a leading cause of vision changes later in life.
While the idea of developing cataracts may sound daunting, they are very treatable, and early detection can make a big difference in maintaining clear vision.
Inside your eye sits a clear, flexible lens that helps focus light onto the retina, allowing you to see sharp images.
A cataract occurs when this lens gradually becomes cloudy. Instead of light passing through easily, it scatters or becomes blocked, resulting in blurry, dim, or distorted vision.
Cataracts usually develop slowly over time, which means the changes to vision can be subtle at first. Many people are not even aware they have cataracts until their optometrist identifies the signs during a routine eye test.
Cataracts have several potential causes, though ageing is by far the most common. By the age of 65, most people will show some signs of lens clouding, even if it hasn’t yet affected their day-to-day life.
Other contributing factors include:
UV exposure:
Australia’s higher UV levels, due to geographical location and ozone conditions, increase the risk of sun-related eye damage. Not wearing sunglasses outdoors for many years can raise the likelihood of cataracts developing.
Eye trauma or surgery:
An injury or previous operation on the eye can sometimes lead to cataracts forming.
Medications:
Certain long-term medications may contribute to lens changes.
Congenital cataracts:
Rarely, babies can be born with cataracts. This may occur if a mother contracts illnesses such as rubella during pregnancy.
Because cataracts develop gradually, the changes to vision may feel like a normal part of ageing.
However, some signs to be aware of include:
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s important to book an eye examination.
Regular check-ups become even more essential once you are over 65, as early detection allows for better management.
In most cases, cataracts will gradually progress, causing vision to deteriorate over time. The rate at which this happens varies; one eye may be more affected than the other, and for some people, the changes occur much faster.
Your optometrist can monitor the development of cataracts through comprehensive eye examinations.
At Optometrist Parramatta, we use digital retinal photography and other diagnostic tools to track subtle changes, ensuring you receive timely advice about management and referral for surgery if needed.
There is no guaranteed way to prevent cataracts entirely, especially when ageing is the main factor.
However, there are steps you can take to reduce risk and slow progression:
While these measures may not stop cataracts from forming, they can help preserve eye health more broadly.
When cataracts begin interfering with everyday activities, such as reading, night driving, or recognising faces, your optometrist may recommend surgery.
Cataract surgery is one of the most common and successful medical procedures performed worldwide.
It is usually carried out under local anaesthetic as a day procedure. The surgeon removes the cloudy lens and replaces it with a clear artificial lens, called an intraocular lens (IOL).
Most people notice a significant improvement in their vision soon after surgery. In many cases, patients find they rely less on glasses, though some may still need reading glasses or a light prescription for certain tasks.
Once the natural lens is replaced with an artificial one, the cataract itself cannot come back. However, in some cases, a thin membrane behind the artificial lens can become cloudy months or years later, causing vision to blur again.
If this happens, your ophthalmologist can perform a quick laser procedure (called YAG laser capsulotomy) to restore clear sight.
Because cataracts develop slowly, regular eye examinations are the best way to detect them early and monitor their progression.
Early detection not only ensures timely treatment but also rules out other eye conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as macular degeneration or glaucoma.
At Optometrist Parramatta, we recommend yearly eye examinations from the age of 65, or sooner if you notice changes to your vision.
If you’ve noticed changes in your vision or would like peace of mind about your eye health, book an eye test with us today. We’re here to help you see clearly and keep your eyes healthy at every stage of life.
This content is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional eye care advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified optometrist or healthcare professional regarding your individual circumstances.
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